CertiGuide to A+ (A+ 4 Real)  9  Chapter 5: The Linux Operating System       9  Basic Concepts and Procedures for Creating, Viewing and Editing Files and Directories            9  Common Commands

Common Commands 1 2 3 mkdir - Make Directories Command

Example Directory Listing

An example of output from the ls command:

ls -al

drwxrwxr-x 2 phil phil 4096 Jun 9 04:22 .

drwxrwxr-x 2 phil phil 4096 Jun 9 04:22 ..

-rw-rw-r-- 1 phil phil 177616 Aug 2 14:59 Guide.pdf

-rwxrw-r-- 1 phil phil 12849 Aug 4 05:19 ps

-rwxr-xr-- 1 phil phil 897 Aug 4 10:19 pstree

-rw-rw-r-- 1 phil phil 991429 Jun 7 15:44 Sec.pdf

drwxrwxr-x 2 phil phil 4096 Jun 9 04:22 test

-rw-rw-r-- 1 phil phil 662 Aug 3 16:51 who

The -l option gives a long listing of all of files and directories in the current directory as shown in Figure 344.

The columns are:

• File type and file access permissions
  
  
• Hard links to the file
  
  
• The User/Owner of the file
  
  
• The Group User of the file
  
  
• The file size
  
  
• Date the file was created or last modified
  
  
• The file’s name

Common Commands 1 2 3 mkdir - Make Directories Command